Indonesia is an important player in the fish canning industry, with a domestic production capacity of 750,000 tonnes per year (BKPM, 2015). Indonesia produces canned sardines and mackerel (300 mln cans all together) for the domestic market (90%) and canned tuna for the export market (99%). Canned tuna exports held a volume of 76,752 tonnes in 2017 making Indonesia the sixth largest exporter of canned tuna products after countries like Thailand, Ecuador and the Philippines. For specific insights on the Indonesian fresh and frozen tuna industry, look at our tuna and bycatch page. Indonesian tuna canneries are confronted with a lack of raw materials. Its deep-sea fishery is not well developed and canneries are impacted heavily by the measures against IUU fishing taken by the government. Indonesia’s fishery Minister Susi Pudjiastuti imposed measures such as a ban on the transhipment of fish at open sea and the ban on license renewal for foreign-built vessels. Although the measures should result in a more sustainable fishery sector, in the short term the raw material shortage worsens. The ministry plans to purchase and build new modern vessels that should fill the void that the foreign vessels have left. Also, investments in local cold chains to reduce post-harvest loses of the domestic vessels are encouraged. Gradually domestic fish landings, infrastructure and supply to canneries should improve.
FAO (2018)
This figure provides domestic catch volumes of the species used in canning in Indonesia. The data needs to be nuanced as production numbers tend to be incomplete and uncertain due to monitoring difficulties and should be viewed as approximations. ‘Other’ include anchovy and herring species
Indonesian canneries use pelagic species. Tuna
species used for canning include skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), albacore (Thunnus alalunga) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), with skipjack tuna being the dominant species in terms of volume. Other fishes canned in Indonesia include sardine (Sardinella lemuru, S. longiceps, S. fimbriata, S. gibbosa), mackerel and mackerel like species (family Scombridae and Carangidae). The 'Other' comprise herrings and anchovies.
Figures for 2015 show a decrease in production due to reduced tuna catches, which could be an effect of the crack down on illegal fisheries. In 2016, tuna catches are picking up again, which is mainly due to increased skipjack tuna catches. In the long run production figures should further increase as more fish resources become available for Indonesian fishermen and fish stocks have a chance to recover.
Trade Map (2018), International Trade Centre, intracen.org
In order to overcome the recent shortage of raw material the government has allowed several companies to import fish for canning to be re-exported or to be sold on the domestic market.
Imports of mackerel and sardine increased over 40,000 and 30,000 tonnes respectively between 2016-2017. Tuna imports however, that more than doubled between 2014-2016 to 13,000 tonnes, decreased in 2017 to 4,000 tonnes. Total import volumes increased with around 50,000 tonnes in 2017. The increased imports of mackerel and sardines were mainly sourced from China, Oman and Pakistan.
Trade Map (2018), International Trade Centre, intracen.org
Tuna canneries produce a wide range of prepared and preserved products beside canned tuna, which include by-products like pre-cooked tuna loins, tuna flakes and floss, pet
food and fish meal. Exports of prepared and preserved fish have shown a large increase from 58,913 in 2008 to 106,161 tonnes in 2014, after which exports decreased until 2017. The European Union is the most important market, whose imports increased with 5,000 tonnes between 2016-2017. Italy was the largest importer in 2017, having replaced the United Kingdom whose imports have been decreasing gradually since 2013. Western European countries predominantly import canned skipjack tuna, of which the United Kingdom is the primary buyer. South European countries, like Italy and Spain, have shown a substantial increase in imports and import a lot of pre-cooked yellowfin tuna loins to serve as input material for their canning industry.
In 2017, Indonesia was the second main exporter of canned tuna to Saudi-Arabia after Thailand, which is becoming a rising market for Halal preserved fish products. Exports to Japan have increased a bit recently, making Indonesia the second largest supplier of canned tuna products in 2017. For the United States, Indonesia ranks as 6th largest supplier of canned tuna products in 2017. Export to Thailand increased slightly. Main export markets that fall under ‘other’ sections are Australia, Ghana, Papua New Guinea and the Middle East.
In July 2016 the European Council has given permission to start the negotiations for a EU-Indonesian FTA. If these negotiations are completed successfully, the competitive position of Indonesian seafood in the European Union will improve significantly compared to e.g. Ecuador who already enjoys an FTA.
Trade Map (2018), International Trade Centre, intracen.org
Canned tuna exports are picking up again after a drop in 2014, and is predominantly exported to the European Union, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Japan. The sardine export market is relatively stable, and is imported by African countries such as Ghana and Benin but also Asian country like Malaysia and TImor-Leste. From 2012 onward the export share of mackerel decreased dramatically over the years to only from 3,845 tonnes to 60 tonnes in 2017.
Purse seine fishing is the dominant capture method for sardines, skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, mackerel and mackerel like species.
Pole-and-line fishing mainly catch skipjack tuna and yellowfin tuna generally used for canning purposes. These species are marketed as light-meat tuna.
Longline fishing methods are predominantly used for catching various tuna species. Albacore, marketed as white meat tuna, is almost exclusively captured by longline vessels.
The Indonesian fishing fleet consists of a large industrial fleet of purse seine and longline vessels, and a large fleet of smaller fishing vessels ranging from small purse seine vessels to single person handline boats. Fishing area depends on the vessel type, with smaller vessels staying closer to shores while large vessels operate in EEZ waters and high seas.
Read moreIndonesian supply chains are complex as Indonesia has lot of ports and landing sites. The eventual supply route taken, depends on a several factors, i.a. vessel type and gear, vessel ownership, tuna species, landing site. While larger ports have more modern facilities available and often more direct supply routes, small and isolated ports depend on traders, miniplants, domestic shipping and transhipment facilities.
Read moreBitung is one of the major tuna canning centres, residing large companies such as Sinar Purefoods International, International Alliance Food and Deho. Other canneries are concentrated in Medan (Sumatra), Surabaya and Banuwangi (East-Java), Cilacap (Central Java), Sorong (Irian Jaya) and Biak (Papua). Processing companies often have an extensive product portfolio.
Read moreCanned tuna is predominantly used for exports, while sardine and mackerel are mainly consumed domestically. Contrary to most of the seafood exports, after it is canned, tuna does not depend on a strict cold chain which makes transport less expensive. Bitung (North Sulawesi), Jakarta, Semerang and Surabay (Java), have container terminal facilities located at their ports.
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